Oral Presentation ESA-SRB-ANZBMS 2024 in conjunction with ENSA

Enhancing the expression and activity of the novel hepatokine, activin C   (#104)

Haitong Luan 1 , William Stocker 1 , Sophie Harrison 1 , Adam Hagg 2 , Kelly Walton 2 , Craig Harrison 1
  1. Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
  2. School of Biomedical Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

The liver secretes hormones and growth factors, known as hepatokines, which influence metabolism in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Activin C and Activin E are two recently identified hepatokines that have been proposed to suppress lipolysis in adipose tissue via activation of the type I receptor, ALK7. Here, we set out to characterise the molecular mechanisms that govern Activin C synthesis and activity, and to generate more potent analogues for future in vivo experiments. First, we enhanced processing of the Activin C precursor by introducing a more efficient proprotein convertase cleavage site (RKKR). Importantly, enhanced processing corresponded with a dramatic increase in secreted Activin C activity. Next, we used site-directed mutagenesis to identify the residues in the pre-helix and alpha-helix of activin C involved in binding to ALK7. Subsequently, we modified these key receptor binding residues to generate a series of gain-of-function variants. The potency of these novel activin C analogues (EC50 0.3-0.6 ng/mL) was increased 10- or 20-fold, relative to wild-type Activin C (EC50 6 ng/mL). Treatment of ex vivo murine adipose tissue with highly potent Activin C analogues significantly reduced isoproterenol-induced lipolysis. Our study is the first to characterise Activin C residues involved in type I receptor binding and paves the way to characterise the role of the Activin C-ALK7 signalling axis in adipose tissue.