Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) is a non-invasive and relatively safe imaging technique for measuring volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), which cannot be achieved with DXA technology. Its use, however, requires normative data derived from representative samples. This study aimed to develop sex- and age-specific normative reference data for pQCT bone parameters for Vietnamese men and women. The reference range was established using data from 2152 individuals (1319 women and 833 men) randomly sampled from Ho Chi Minh City. Bone parameters, including vBMD, area, and thickness at 4% and 66% positions of the radius and tibia, were measured using pQCT (XCT 2000, Stratec Medizintechnik, Pforzheim, Germany). Reference curves for each parameter were constructed using the Generalized Additive Model for Location Scale and Shape modelling technique. The Peak age for these parameters was determined through change point analysis, and parameters were compared to reference values from other countries. The average age of participants was 44 years. Men had a higher body mass index than women (23.2 vs. 22.5 kg/m²). Approximately 7.0% of women and 9.4% of men were categorised as obese. Generally, pQCT bone parameters were higher in men than in women. At the radius, peak trabecular vBMD occurred earlier in women than in men (18 vs. 34 years), while peak cortical vBMD occurred around 30 years for both sexes. At the tibia, both women and men reached peak trabecular vBMD before 18 years old; however, peak cortical vBMD was achieved at 27 years for women and 35 years for men. Vietnamese men had lower pQCT parameters compared to Australian men, except for higher tibial cortical vBMD observed across all age groups. This study provides the first sex- and age-specific pQCT normative reference data for Vietnamese individuals, serving as a valuable resource for interpretation and benefiting both physicians and the public.