Aims: It is uncertain whether increasing uptake of hospital-based fracture liaison services (FLS) leads to more cost-effective secondary fracture prevention. Selecting for patients at higher fracture risk may optimise resource allocation and cost-effectiveness of hospital-based FLS.
Methods: Prospectively collected data were reviewed for patients assessed in the FLS at Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney from December 2015-July 2023. Patients with recent fracture were identified via an electronic search tool and/or service referral. Initial assessment was conducted by an FLS coordinator prior to independent clinician review. In April 2018, the patient selection strategy was re-calibrated, with those ≥60 years old presenting with hip and/or vertebral fractures preferentially invited to attend. The cohorts entering the service pre-(FLS1) and post-(FLS2) this timepoint were compared regarding clinical characteristics and treatment recommendations using Chi-square test (categorical variables) and independent samples t-test or Mann-Whitney U test (continuous variables).
Results: The total cohort (n=2,141) had mean (SD) age 69±11-years. Patients were predominantly female (78%) in whom median(IQR) menopausal age was 50(48-52)-years. Both cohorts were similar in sex, BMI, and prevalence of smoking history, excess alcohol intake, parental hip fracture and vitamin D deficiency. The FLS2 cohort were older (71(63-78) years vs 65(58-74) years, p<0.001), had more frequent ever-prednisone use (8.9% vs 4.6%, p=0.003), more likely to present with hip/vertebral fracture (23.4% vs 14.4%, p<0.001), and higher 10-year Garvan-calculated risk of fragility fracture (36.6%(23.0-55.0%) vs 27.9%(17.2-40.2%), p<0.001) and hip fracture (12.0%(4.8-27.0%) vs 7.2%(3.1-15.0%), p<0.001). The FLS2 cohort were more likely to be recommended pharmacotherapy (81.9% vs 67.1%, p<0.001), most commonly denosumab (32.5%), oral bisphosphonates (23.9%) or zoledronic acid (23.0%).
Conclusion: In this hospital-based FLS, re-calibrating patient selection towards a higher fracture risk was associated with greater likelihood of pharmacotherapy being recommended. Further assessment of refracture rates and cost-effectiveness may demonstrate a feasible and more effective hospital-based FLS strategy.