Anti-resorptive drugs are effective osteoporosis therapies, but fear of AFFs, a rare side effect, has led to faltering treatment rates. TrAFFiC is an international AFF registry established to characterise clinical, radiographic, bone densitometric, microarchitectural and genetic profiles of AFF patients. We present the cohort’s baseline phenotypic data.
AFF cases, referred from Australian and Thailand study sites, were reviewed by an orthopaedic surgeon (RD) to confirm they fulfilled the updated ASBMR AFF definition. Patients completed questionnaires (demographics, comorbidities, medications, AFF details). Pathology, bone densitometric and femoral radiographs were collected. Blood samples were provided for biobanking, and a subgroup had HR-pQCT scans.
166 patients (243 AFFs) were recruited (Table 1). Age at first AFF was 72 (IQR 65-79) years. Majority were female (96%), independently ambulating before AFF (72%) and 62 (37%) were of Asian ethnicity. Five patients had a rare bone disease. Anti-resorptive therapy was recorded in 90%, and median duration preceding first AFF was 8 (IQR 5-12) years. In Asians with AFF, ≤ 5 years of anti-resorptive use preceding initial AFF was more common than non-Asians (42% vs 26%, p=0.033), and duration of use was shorter [7.5 (IQR 4-11) vs 9 (IQR 5-14) years, p=0.018]. Delayed AFF healing (>6 months) was more common in those who were treatment naïve, had used anti-resorptives for ≤ 5 years, and duration of use was shorter [6 (IQR 2-11) vs 9 (IQR 6-12) years] (all p<0.01). 12% of cases received teriparatide after AFF.
Phenotypic data from this large AFF registry suggests Asian ethnicity is associated with AFF following a shorter duration of anti-resorptive therapy compared with non-Asian peers. Shorter duration of therapy was more common in those with delayed AFF healing, suggesting bone-related factors, rather than treatment regimen, may contribute to healing. Bone microstructure, radiographic and genetic factors underlying these differences will be evaluated.