Over the past couple of years there have been significant advances in the diagnosis and management of pituitary tumours and craniopharyngiomas. This talk will provide an update into some of the more clinically relevant progress. Making an earlier diagnosis of pituitary tumours would represent a major advance in this field. Attempts at developing a Cushing’s score have been made and will be discussed. Recent identification of germline variants in genes typically associated with breast or colon cancer disease risk may also play a role in pituitary tumourigenesis. The importance of histopathological assessment both for subtyping and prognostication will be discussed. On the topic of management, key elements of new guidelines on incidentalomas and aggressive pituitary tumours will be presented. Finally, the last couple of years has seen one of the most exciting developments in management for craniopharyngiomas emerge, with the move towards neoadjuvant medical therapy for biopsy-confirmed papillary craniopharyngiomas.